---
title: It first arose from the heavy demands made by Lord Charles Somerset… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It first arose from the heavy demands made by Lord Charles Somerset upon the Gaikas in return for English protection, but the Kaffirs maintain that we have acted up to the description ever since. Who acts: sun, Kaffirs, we. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figura
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 114

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It first arose from the heavy demands made by Lord Charles Somerset upon the Gaikas in return for English protection, but the Kaffirs maintain that we have acted up to the description ever since.

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**Who acts:** sun, Kaffirs, we · **What happens:** arise, make, maintain, act up · **To what, where:** heavy demands, return

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, Kaffirs, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:114
# text = It first arose from the heavy demands made by Lord Charles Somerset upon the Gaikas in return for English protection, but the Kaffirs maintain that we have acted up to the description ever since.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
3	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	demands	demand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl:agent	_	_
12	Somerset	Somerset	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Gaikas	Gaikas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	maintain	maintain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	acted	act	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	ccomp	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
34	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	35	advmod	_	_
35	since	since	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | sun |  |  | the heavy demands |  | first *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the heavy demands *not said here* |  | return for English protection |  | Lord Charles upon the Gaikas *obl:agent* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **maintain** | present | the Kaffirs |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **act up** | present · perfect | we |  |  |  | ever | to the description; since *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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