---
title: It was he who united them against the English after Lord Charles Som… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It was he who united them against the English after Lord Charles Somerset invaded their country with a view of compelling them to recognise a chief whom they detested. Who acts: leader, Lord Charles, view, clans. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expres
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 119

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It was he who united them against the English after Lord Charles Somerset invaded their country with a view of compelling them to recognise a chief whom they detested.

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**Who acts:** leader, Lord Charles, view, clans · **What happens:** be, invade, compel, recognise, detest · **To what, where:** country, clans, chief

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leader, Lord Charles, view, clans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:119
# text = It was he who united them against the English after Lord Charles Somerset invaded their country with a view of compelling them to recognise a chief whom they detested.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	united	unite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
10	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	Somerset	Somerset	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	invaded	invade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	compelling	compel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	recognise	recognise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	obj	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	detested	detest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | leader |  |  |  |  | against the English; Nkele *nsubj*; who *nsubj*; clans *= clan* *obj*; unite *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **invade** | past | Lord Charles | clans's country |  |  |  | with a view | tree rules |
| 3 | **compel** | gerund | a view *not said here* | clans *= clan* |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Patient clause=Result |
| 4 | **recognise** | to-infinitive | a view *not said here* | a chief |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chief=Stimulus |
| 5 | **detest** | past | clans *= clan* | a chief |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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