---
title: All through the wars of 1835, 1846–7, and 1851–2, they looked for hi… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: All through the wars of 1835, 1846–7, and 1851–2, they looked for his reappearance to lead them to victory. Who acts: wars, Makana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 124

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All through the wars of 1835, 1846–7, and 1851–2, they looked for his reappearance to lead them to victory.

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**Who acts:** wars, Makana · **What happens:** look, lead, reappear · **To what, where:** wars, victory

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wars, Makana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:124
# text = All through the wars of 1835, 1846–7, and 1851–2, they looked for his reappearance to lead them to victory.
1	All	all	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1835	1835	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	1846	1846	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	1851	1851	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	reappearance	reappearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the wars of 1835 |  |  |  |  | for Makana's reappearance; 1851 – 2 *nsubj* | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for reappearance=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | to-infinitive | the wars of 1835 *not said here* | wars *= war* |  | victory |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to victory=Destination |
| 3 | **reappear** |  | Makana |  |  |  |  |  | nom reappearance «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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