---
title: Ten years ago his personal ornaments were still in preservation at a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Ten years ago his personal ornaments were still in preservation at a village near King William’s Town, but about that date the hope of his return was generally abandoned. Who acts: personal ornaments, return, Makana. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Ex
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 125

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Ten years ago his personal ornaments were still in preservation at a village near King William’s Town, but about that date the hope of his return was generally abandoned.

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**Who acts:** personal ornaments, return, Makana · **What happens:** be, abandon, hope, return · **To what, where:** preservation, hope

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (personal ornaments, return, Makana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:125
# text = Ten years ago his personal ornaments were still in preservation at a village near King William’s Town, but about that date the hope of his return was generally abandoned.
1	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ornaments	ornament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	preservation	preservation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	near	near	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod:desc	_	_
16	William	William	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’s	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	Town	Town	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
21	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
30	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Makana's personal ornaments |  |  | preservation | still | at a village near William  King's Town; ago *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **abandon** | past · passive |  | the hope of Makana's return |  |  |  | about that date; generally *property* | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: subject=Source |
| 3 | **hope** |  | Makana's return |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |
| 4 | **return** |  | Makana |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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