---
title: One who eats the remains of a meal without first obtaining permission. — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: One who eats the remains of a meal without first obtaining permission. Who acts: One. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 173

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One who eats the remains of a meal without first obtaining permission.

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**Who acts:** One · **What happens:** eat, obtain · **To what, where:** remains, permission

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:173
# text = One who eats the remains of a meal without first obtaining permission.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	advmod	_	_
11	obtaining	obtain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | One | the remains of a meal |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Patient |
| 2 | **obtain** | gerund | One *not said here* | permission |  |  |  | first *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset permission=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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