---
title: Said of any one who is involved in difficulties of his own creation,… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Said of any one who is involved in difficulties of his own creation, or of one who raises an argument and is beaten in it. Who acts: one, Said. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 193

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Said of any one who is involved in difficulties of his own creation, or of one who raises an argument and is beaten in it.

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**Who acts:** one, Said · **What happens:** be, raise, beat, create · **To what, where:** difficulties, argument

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Said), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:193
# text = Said of any one who is involved in difficulties of his own creation, or of one who raises an argument and is beaten in it.
1	Said	Said	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	involved	involved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	creation	creation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	raises	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | any one  Said |  |  | difficulties of Said's own creation |  | involved *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **raise** | present |  | a argument |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Theme |
| 3 | **beat** | present · passive |  |  |  | argument |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: in it=Location |
| 5 | **create** |  | Said |  |  |  |  |  | nom creation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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