---
title: Such expressions, however, are found upon inquiry to refer to some c… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Such expressions, however, are found upon inquiry to refer to some circumstance in their mode of living, or some event in their traditional history, which makes the meaning very clear. Who acts: traditional history. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Exp
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 2

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Such expressions, however, are found upon inquiry to refer to some circumstance in their mode of living, or some event in their traditional history, which makes the meaning very clear.

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**Who acts:** traditional history · **What happens:** find, refer, make · **To what, where:** Such expressions, mode, meaning · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traditional history), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:2
# text = Such expressions, however, are found upon inquiry to refer to some circumstance in their mode of living, or some event in their traditional history, which makes the meaning very clear.
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	expressions	expression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	very	very	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · passive |  | Such expressions |  |  |  | upon inquiry; some event in expressions's traditional history *parataxis*; however *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **refer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | expressions's mode of living |  | to some circumstance | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to circumstance=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **make** | present | expressions's traditional history | the meaning |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset meaning=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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