---
title: But when Khakhabay took possession of the Amatolas, which he purchas… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: But when Khakhabay took possession of the Amatolas, which he purchased from the Hottentot chieftainess Hoho, he found them infested by great numbers of bushmen. Who acts: Khakhabay, Amatolas, dogs. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with it
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 204

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But when Khakhabay took possession of the Amatolas, which he purchased from the Hottentot chieftainess Hoho, he found them infested by great numbers of bushmen.

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**Who acts:** Khakhabay, Amatolas, dogs · **What happens:** take, purchase, find, infest, possess · **To what, where:** possession, Hottentot chieftainess, dogs, Amatolas

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Khakhabay, Amatolas, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:204
# text = But when Khakhabay took possession of the Amatolas, which he purchased from the Hottentot chieftainess Hoho, he found them infested by great numbers of bushmen.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	Khakhabay	Khakhabay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
5	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Amatolas	Amatolas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Hottentot	Hottentot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	chieftainess	chieftainess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	Hoho	Hoho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	infested	infest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	xcomp	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	bushmen	bushman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Khakhabay | possession of the Amatolas |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possession=Theme |
| 2 | **purchase** | past | the Amatolas |  |  | the Hottentot chieftainess |  | Khakhabay *nsubj* | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from chieftainess=Source |
| 3 | **find** | past | Khakhabay | dogs *= dog* |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent they=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 4 | **infest** | participle | dogs *= dog* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by great numbers of bushmen | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **possess** |  |  | the Amatolas |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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