---
title: One day Guluwe, who had two young men with him, killed an eland, but… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: One day Guluwe, who had two young men with him, killed an eland, but while he was still shouting his cry of triumph: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha! the weapons of Khakhabay!” he was surprised by a number of these inhuman abatwa. Who acts: Guluwe, One day, man, number. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by Geor
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 205

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One day Guluwe, who had two young men with him, killed an eland, but while he was still shouting his cry of triumph: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha! the weapons of Khakhabay!” he was surprised by a number of these inhuman abatwa.

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**Who acts:** Guluwe, One day, man, number, triumph · **What happens:** have, kill, shout, surprise, cry · **To what, where:** two young men, eland, cry, Tsi

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Guluwe, One day, man, number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:205
# text = One day Guluwe, who had two young men with him, killed an eland, but while he was still shouting his cry of triumph: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha! the weapons of Khakhabay!” he was surprised by a number of these inhuman abatwa.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	Guluwe	Guluwe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	eland	eland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	still	still	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	triumph	triumph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
28	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	Tsi	Tsi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
31	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	29	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
33	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	29	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
35	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	29	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
37	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	29	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	appos	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Khakhabay	Khakhabay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
48	by	by	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	54	det	_	_
53	inhuman	inhuman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	abatwa	abatwa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Guluwe | two young men |  |  |  | with man | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 2 | **kill** | past | One day | a eland |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eland=Theme |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | past · progressive | man | man's cry of triumph |  |  | still |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Topic |
| 4 | **surprise** | past · passive | a number of this inhuman abatwa | Tsi |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 5 | **cry** |  | triumph |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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