---
title: Guluwe offered them a large quantity of dacha (a species of wild hem… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Guluwe offered them a large quantity of dacha (a species of wild hemp, used for smoking) for his ransom. Who acts: Guluwe. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 207

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Guluwe offered them a large quantity of dacha (a species of wild hemp, used for smoking) for his ransom.

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**Who acts:** Guluwe · **What happens:** offer, use, ransom · **To what, where:** large quantity, weapons, species

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Guluwe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:207
# text = Guluwe offered them a large quantity of dacha (a species of wild hemp, used for smoking) for his ransom.
1	Guluwe	Guluwe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dacha	dacha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hemp	hemp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	ransom	ransom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | Guluwe | a large quantity of dacha | weapons *= weapon* |  |  | for Guluwe's ransom | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent they=Goal quantity=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a species of wild hemp *not said here* |  |  |  | for smoking | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ransom** |  | Guluwe |  |  |  |  |  | nom ransom «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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