---
title: They ate that day, and all that night, never ceasing to watch Guluwe. — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They ate that day, and all that night, never ceasing to watch Guluwe. Who acts: bushmen. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 211

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They ate that day, and all that night, never ceasing to watch Guluwe.

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**Who acts:** bushmen · **What happens:** eat, not cease, watch · **To what, where:** Guluwe

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bushmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:211
# text = They ate that day, and all that night, never ceasing to watch Guluwe.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	ceasing	cease	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	Guluwe	Guluwe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | bushmen *= bushman* |  |  |  | day; night |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **cease** | gerund | bushmen *= bushman* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **watch** | to-infinitive | bushmen *= bushman* *not said here* | Guluwe |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guluwe=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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