---
title: Guluwe then with his assagai put one after another to death, until,… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Guluwe then with his assagai put one after another to death, until, forgetting himself, he shouted his cry: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha! Who acts: Guluwe. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 215

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Guluwe then with his assagai put one after another to death, until, forgetting himself, he shouted his cry: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha!

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**Who acts:** Guluwe · **What happens:** put, forget, shout, cry · **To what, where:** one, Guluwe, cry

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Guluwe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:215
# text = Guluwe then with his assagai put one after another to death, until, forgetting himself, he shouted his cry: “Tsi! ha! ha! ha! ha!
1	Guluwe	Guluwe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	assagai	assagai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	forgetting	forget	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
16	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Tsi	Tsi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
26	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
28	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
30	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
32	ha	ha	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Guluwe | one |  |  | after another; then | to death; Guluwe's assagai *nsubj* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent one=Goal |
| 2 | **forget** | gerund | Guluwe *not said here* | Guluwe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Guluwe | Guluwe's cry |  |  |  | Tsi *obl* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cry=Topic |
| 4 | **cry** |  | Guluwe |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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