---
title: According to tradition, there was once a very rich chief who lived a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: According to tradition, there was once a very rich chief who lived at Kukwane (near King William’s Town), and who was in the habit of entertaining strangers in a more liberal manner than any who went before or who came after him. Who acts: rich chief. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCal
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/25/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/) / 25

# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 25

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
According to tradition, there was once a very rich chief who lived at Kukwane (near King William’s Town), and who was in the habit of entertaining strangers in a more liberal manner than any who went before or who came after him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rich chief · **What happens:** accord, be, live, go, come · **To what, where:** rich chief, Kukwane, habit

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rich chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:25
# text = According to tradition, there was once a very rich chief who lived at Kukwane (near King William’s Town), and who was in the habit of entertaining strangers in a more liberal manner than any who went before or who came after him.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Kukwane	Kukwane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	near	near	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:desc	_	_
19	William	William	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’s	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	Town	Town	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	entertaining	entertaining	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	36	advmod	_	_
36	liberal	liberal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
38	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	41	det	_	_
40	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
41	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
42	before	before	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
43	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj	_	_
45	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
46	after	after	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a rich chief |  |  |  | accord tradition; once *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | past | a rich chief |  |  | Kukwane |  | in a liberal manner | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at kukwane=Location |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the habit |  | of entertaining strangers; who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | past |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj*; before *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  | after Kukwane | who *nsubj* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/24/)
- next →: [sentence 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/26/)
- ↑ back to [Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/)