---
title: Gaika was at the beginning of this century the most powerful chief w… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Gaika was at the beginning of this century the most powerful chief west of the Kei. Who acts: Gaika. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 33

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Gaika was at the beginning of this century the most powerful chief west of the Kei.

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**Who acts:** Gaika · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** beginning

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gaika), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:33
# text = Gaika was at the beginning of this century the most powerful chief west of the Kei.
1	Gaika	Gaika	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	11	advmod	_	_
11	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Kei	Kei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Gaika |  |  |  | at the beginning; century |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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