---
title: Said to any one who favours strangers in preference to relatives, or… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Said to any one who favours strangers in preference to relatives, or to their disadvantage. Who acts: one. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 76

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Said to any one who favours strangers in preference to relatives, or to their disadvantage.

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**Who acts:** one · **What happens:** say, favour · **To what, where:** one, strangers, preference · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:26:76
# text = Said to any one who favours strangers in preference to relatives, or to their disadvantage.
1	Said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	favours	favour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	preference	preference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  | any one |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to one=Recipient |
| 2 | **favour** | present | any one | strangers |  | preference |  | to relatives or relatives's disadvantage | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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