--- title: It was of nearly the same shape as a European hoe; but in place of h… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: It was of nearly the same shape as a European hoe; but in place of having an eye, into which a handle could be fastened, it was made with a top like a spike, which was driven into the large knob of a long and heavy club. Who acts: implement, place. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Story of the Bird That Made Milk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/) / 10 # Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 10 It was of nearly the same shape as a European hoe; but in place of having an eye, into which a handle could be fastened, it was made with a top like a spike, which was driven into the large knob of a long and heavy club. **Who acts:** implement, place · **What happens:** be, have, fasten, make, drive · **To what, where:** eye, handle, implement, spike, large knob This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (implement, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:27:10 # text = It was of nearly the same shape as a European hoe; but in place of having an eye, into which a handle could be fastened, it was made with a top like a spike, which was driven into the large knob of a long and heavy club. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 4 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 hoe hoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 16 of of SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 17 having have VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 acl _ _ 18 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 21 into into ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 obl _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 handle handle NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 fastened fasten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 advcl _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 35 like like ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 spike spike NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 41 nsubj:pass _ _ 40 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux:pass _ _ 41 driven drive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 acl:relcl _ _ 42 into into ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 knob knob NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 47 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 48 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 conj _ _ 51 club club NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | implement | | | | | of the same shape but place; as a European hoe; place *conj*; nearly *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | gerund | place *not said here* | a eye | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | | 3 | **fasten** | could · passive | | a handle | | | | which *obl* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient into which=Co-Patient | | 4 | **make** | past · passive | | implement | | | | with a top; like a spike | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 5 | **drive** | past · passive | | a spike | | the large knob of a long club | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme into knob=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/9/) - next →: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/11/) - ↑ back to [Story of the Bird That Made Milk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/)