---
title: It is forfeited by abandonment for a long time without assigning suf… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It is forfeited by abandonment for a long time without assigning sufficient cause. Who acts: abandonment. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 14

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It is forfeited by abandonment for a long time without assigning sufficient cause.

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**Who acts:** abandonment · **What happens:** forfeit, assign · **To what, where:** chief, sufficient cause

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (abandonment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:27:14
# text = It is forfeited by abandonment for a long time without assigning sufficient cause.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	forfeited	forfeit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	abandonment	abandonment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	assigning	assign	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forfeit** | present · passive | abandonment | chief |  |  | time |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **assign** | gerund | abandonment *not said here* | sufficient cause |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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