---
title: (g) The Kaffir house has only one opening, which is low and narrow,… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: (g) The Kaffir house has only one opening, which is low and narrow, but which serves for door, window, and chimney. Who acts: g, one opening. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 23

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(g) The Kaffir house has only one opening, which is low and narrow, but which serves for door, window, and chimney.

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**Who acts:** g, one opening · **What happens:** have, be, serve · **To what, where:** one opening, chimney

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (g, one opening), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:27:23
# text = (g) The Kaffir house has only one opening, which is low and narrow, but which serves for door, window, and chimney.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	chimney	chimney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | g | one opening |  |  |  | the Kaffir house *nsubj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opening=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | one opening |  |  |  |  | low *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | one opening *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **serve** | present |  | chimney |  |  |  | for door and window; which *nsubj* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for door=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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