---
title: (k) There are no crocodiles in the rivers of the present Amaxosa cou… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: (k) There are no crocodiles in the rivers of the present Amaxosa country, but the reptile and its habits are well known to the people by hearsay. Who acts: crocodiles, hearsay. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 30

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(k) There are no crocodiles in the rivers of the present Amaxosa country, but the reptile and its habits are well known to the people by hearsay.

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**Who acts:** crocodiles, hearsay · **What happens:** be, know · **To what, where:** reptile

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crocodiles, hearsay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:27:30
# text = (k) There are no crocodiles in the rivers of the present Amaxosa country, but the reptile and its habits are well known to the people by hearsay.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	k	k	NUM	LS	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	Amaxosa	Amaxosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	habits	habit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	25	advmod	_	_
25	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	hearsay	hearsay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | no crocodiles in the rivers of the present and Amaxosa country |  |  | there |  | k *discourse* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | present · passive | hearsay | the reptile and country's habits |  |  |  | to the people; well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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