---
title: In this story it is seemingly a crocodile that appears, but very sho… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: In this story it is seemingly a crocodile that appears, but very shortly we learn that it is really a man who has been bewitched and forced to assume that appearance. Who acts: belief, crocodile, we. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., with its
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 33

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In this story it is seemingly a crocodile that appears, but very shortly we learn that it is really a man who has been bewitched and forced to assume that appearance.

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**Who acts:** belief, crocodile, we · **What happens:** be, appear, learn, bewitch, force, assume · **To what, where:** crocodile, story, man, appearance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (belief, crocodile, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:27:33
# text = In this story it is seemingly a crocodile that appears, but very shortly we learn that it is really a man who has been bewitched and forced to assume that appearance.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	seemingly	seemingly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	really	really	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	ccomp	_	_
23	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	bewitched	bewitch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	assume	assume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | belief | a crocodile |  | this story |  | seemingly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **appear** | present | a crocodile |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **learn** | present | we |  |  |  |  | shortly *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | belief | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **bewitch** | present · perfect · passive |  | a man |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 6 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **assume** | to-infinitive |  | that appearance |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Story of the Bird That Made Milk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/)