---
title: (m) Up to this point there is nothing to indicate that the girl knew… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: (m) Up to this point there is nothing to indicate that the girl knew he was not in reality a crocodile, but here it is evident that she was aware he was a man under the power of a charm, for she uses a proper name when speaking of him, as is indicated by the prefix U. Who acts: reality, girl, l, pre
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 35

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(m) Up to this point there is nothing to indicate that the girl knew he was not in reality a crocodile, but here it is evident that she was aware he was a man under the power of a charm, for she uses a proper name when speaking of him, as is indicated by the prefix U.

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**Who acts:** reality, girl, l, prefix · **What happens:** indicate, know, not be, be, use, speak · **To what, where:** crocodile, reality, man, power, proper name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reality, girl, l, prefix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:27:35
# text = (m) Up to this point there is nothing to indicate that the girl knew he was not in reality a crocodile, but here it is evident that she was aware he was a man under the power of a charm, for she uses a proper name when speaking of him, as is indicated by the prefix U.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
10	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	indicate	indicate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	reality	reality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	ccomp	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	evident	evident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
33	aware	aware	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	conj	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	ccomp	_	_
38	under	under	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
45	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
46	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
47	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	parataxis	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
51	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	52	advmod	_	_
52	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	50	acl	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
56	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	58	mark	_	_
57	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	58	aux:pass	_	_
58	indicated	indicate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	_
59	by	by	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	prefix	prefix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
62	U.	U.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	61	appos	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | to-infinitive | reality *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** | past | the girl | a crocodile |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer crocodile=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | l |  |  | reality |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | reality |  |  | here |  | evident *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | girl |  |  |  |  | aware *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | past | l | a man |  | the power of a charm |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **use** | present | girl | a proper name |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 8 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of l | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **indicate** | present · passive | the prefix |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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