--- title: That which makes a Kaffir marriage binding in their estimation, is n… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: That which makes a Kaffir marriage binding in their estimation, is not the performance of a ceremony, but the transfer of a certain number of cattle, as agreed upon, from the husband or his friends to the father or guardian of the woman. Who acts: That, kinds. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by Geo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [The Story of Five Heads.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/) / 11 # Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 11 That which makes a Kaffir marriage binding in their estimation, is not the performance of a ceremony, but the transfer of a certain number of cattle, as agreed upon, from the husband or his friends to the father or guardian of the woman. **Who acts:** That, kinds · **What happens:** make, not be, agree, estimate, transfer · **To what, where:** Kaffir marriage binding, estimation, performance, transfer, certain number This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:28:11 # text = That which makes a Kaffir marriage binding in their estimation, is not the performance of a ceremony, but the transfer of a certain number of cattle, as agreed upon, from the husband or his friends to the father or guardian of the woman. 1 That that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ _ 2 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 3 nsubj _ _ 3 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 Kaffir Kaffir PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 6 marriage marriage NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 binding binding NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 estimation estimation NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 13 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 15 advmod _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 performance performance NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 ceremony ceremony NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 transfer transfer NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 as as SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 31 agreed agree VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 32 upon upon ADP IN _ 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 husband husband NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 37 or or CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 43 or or CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 guardian guardian NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 conj _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 woman woman NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | That | a Kaffir marriage binding | | kinds's estimation | | which *nsubj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset binding=Product | | 2 | **not** **is a** | present | That *not said here* | the performance | | | | of a ceremony | tree rules | | 3 | **agree** *speech: agree* | participle · passive | | the transfer of a certain number of cattle | | | | from the husband or husband's friends to the father or guardian of the woman | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic | | 4 | **estimate** | | kinds *= kind* | | | | | | nom estimation «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 5 | **transfer** | | | a certain number of cattle | | | | | nom transfer «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/10/) - next →: [sentence 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/12/) - ↑ back to [The Story of Five Heads.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/)