---
title: As an instance, we will take a man who belongs to, say, the Dushane… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: As an instance, we will take a man who belongs to, say, the Dushane clan of the Xosa tribe, and whose family title is the Amanywabe. Who acts: we, man, family title, Amanywabe. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads., with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 20

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As an instance, we will take a man who belongs to, say, the Dushane clan of the Xosa tribe, and whose family title is the Amanywabe.

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**Who acts:** we, man, family title, Amanywabe · **What happens:** take, belong to, say, be, title · **To what, where:** man, Dushane clan, Amanywabe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, man, family title, Amanywabe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:28:20
# text = As an instance, we will take a man who belongs to, say, the Dushane clan of the Xosa tribe, and whose family title is the Amanywabe.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	instance	instance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Dushane	Dushane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Xosa	Xosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
25	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Amanywabe	Amanywabe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | future | we | a man |  |  |  | as a instance | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent man=Theme as instance=Attribute |
| 2 | **belong to** | present | a man |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | we *not said here* | the Dushane clan of the Xosa tribe |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent clan=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the Amanywabe's family title | the Amanywabe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **title** |  | the Amanywabe |  |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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