---
title: They cannot trace any relationship with each other, but wherever the… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They cannot trace any relationship with each other, but wherever they are found they have ceremonies peculiar to themselves. Who acts: tribes. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 22

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They cannot trace any relationship with each other, but wherever they are found they have ceremonies peculiar to themselves.

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**Who acts:** tribes · **What happens:** not trace, find, have · **To what, where:** relationship, tribes, ceremonies

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:28:22
# text = They cannot trace any relationship with each other, but wherever they are found they have ceremonies peculiar to themselves.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	trace	trace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	4	obl	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	wherever	wherever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
18	ceremonies	ceremony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	peculiar	peculiar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **trace** | can | tribes *= tribe* | any relationship |  |  |  | with each | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relationship=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | present · passive |  | tribes *= tribe* |  |  |  | wherever *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | present | tribes *= tribe* | ceremonies | tribes *= tribe* |  |  | peculiar *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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