---
title: The bridal party takes with it a cow, given by the bride’s father or… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The bridal party takes with it a cow, given by the bride’s father or guardian to confer fortune upon her, and hence called the Inqakwe. Who acts: bridal party. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 32

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The bridal party takes with it a cow, given by the bride’s father or guardian to confer fortune upon her, and hence called the Inqakwe.

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**Who acts:** bridal party · **What happens:** take, give, confer, call · **To what, where:** cow, fortune · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bridal party), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:28:32
# text = The bridal party takes with it a cow, given by the bride’s father or guardian to confer fortune upon her, and hence called the Inqakwe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bridal	bridal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bride	bride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’s	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	guardian	guardian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	confer	confer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	fortune	fortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Inqakwe	Inqakwe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | the bridal party |  | a cow |  |  | with arrangement | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument cow=Destination |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | a cow *not said here* |  |  |  | by the bride's father or guardian | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **confer** | to-infinitive |  | fortune |  |  |  | upon party | tree rules |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the Inqakwe *xcomp*; hence *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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