---
title: The bride carries an assagai in her hand, which she throws so as to… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The bride carries an assagai in her hand, which she throws so as to stick in the ground inside the kraal in an upright position. Who acts: bride, hand. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 51

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The bride carries an assagai in her hand, which she throws so as to stick in the ground inside the kraal in an upright position.

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**Who acts:** bride, hand · **What happens:** carry, throw, stick · **To what, where:** assagai, hand, ground

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bride, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:28:51
# text = The bride carries an assagai in her hand, which she throws so as to stick in the ground inside the kraal in an upright position.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bride	bride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	assagai	assagai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	throws	throw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	stick	stick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	kraal	kraal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | the bride | a assagai |  | bride's hand |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent assagai=Value in hand=Location |
| 2 | **throw** | present | bride's hand |  |  |  |  | bride *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stick** | to-infinitive | bride's hand *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  | inside the kraal; in a upright position | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in ground=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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