---
title: She had therefore manufactured another word, the meaning of which ha… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: She had therefore manufactured another word, the meaning of which had to be judged of by the context, as standing alone it is meaningless. Who acts: woman, context, word. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 45

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She had therefore manufactured another word, the meaning of which had to be judged of by the context, as standing alone it is meaningless.

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**Who acts:** woman, context, word · **What happens:** manufacture, judge, stand, be · **To what, where:** word

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, context, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:29:45
# text = She had therefore manufactured another word, the meaning of which had to be judged of by the context, as standing alone it is meaningless.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	judged	judge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	context	context	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
23	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	meaningless	meaningless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manufacture** | past · perfect | woman | another word |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Result |
| 2 | **judge** | past · passive | the context |  |  |  |  | of the meaning | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.attribute»: agent=Agent of which=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | word |  |  |  |  | meaningless *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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