---
title: Eight or ten lusty fellows saw him carried off his feet, but not one… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Eight or ten lusty fellows saw him carried off his feet, but not one made the slightest effort to help him. Who acts: Eight lusty fellows, One. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 61

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Eight or ten lusty fellows saw him carried off his feet, but not one made the slightest effort to help him.

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**Who acts:** Eight lusty fellows, One · **What happens:** see, carry off, not make, help · **To what, where:** feet, slightest effort, One · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eight lusty fellows, One), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:29:61
# text = Eight or ten lusty fellows saw him carried off his feet, but not one made the slightest effort to help him.
1	Eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	_
4	lusty	lusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	slightest	slight	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	amod	_	_
19	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Eight lusty fellows |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **carry off** | past | One | One's feet |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **make** | past | one | the slightest effort |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset effort=Product |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive | one *not said here* | the slightest effort *not said here* | One |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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