---
title: On the contrary, they all rushed away frantically, shouting out to t… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: On the contrary, they all rushed away frantically, shouting out to the herd boys on the hill sides to drive down the cattle. Who acts: fellows. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 62

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On the contrary, they all rushed away frantically, shouting out to the herd boys on the hill sides to drive down the cattle.

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**Who acts:** fellows · **What happens:** rush away, shout out, drive down · **To what, where:** contrary, herd boys, cattle

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:29:62
# text = On the contrary, they all rushed away frantically, shouting out to the herd boys on the hill sides to drive down the cattle.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	contrary	contrary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	frantically	frantically	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
23	down	down	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush away** | past | fellows *= fellow* |  |  | the contrary |  | all, away, frantically *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on contrary=Trajectory |
| 2 | **shout out** *speech: express* | gerund | fellows *= fellow* *not said here* |  | the herd boys on the hill sides |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to boy=Recipient |
| 3 | **drive down** | to-infinitive | fellows *= fellow* *not said here* | the cattle |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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