---
title: Besides these spirits, according to the belief of the Kaffirs, there… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Besides these spirits, according to the belief of the Kaffirs, there are people living under the water, pretty much as those do who are in the upper air. Who acts: people, those. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo., with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 64

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Besides these spirits, according to the belief of the Kaffirs, there are people living under the water, pretty much as those do who are in the upper air.

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**Who acts:** people, those · **What happens:** accord, be, live, do, believe · **To what, where:** water, upper air, Kaffirs

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:29:64
# text = Besides these spirits, according to the belief of the Kaffirs, there are people living under the water, pretty much as those do who are in the upper air.
1	Besides	besides	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	case	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Kaffirs	Kaffir	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
16	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	pretty	pretty	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	much	much	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	25	nsubj	_	_
25	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
26	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **does** | present | people |  |  | there |  | besides this spirits accord the belief of the Kaffirs | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  | the water |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under water=Location |
| 4 | **do** | present | those |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the upper air |  | who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **believe** |  |  | the Kaffirs |  |  |  |  | nom belief «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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