---
title: A child had died in her village, and the witchfinder had pointed her… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: A child had died in her village, and the witchfinder had pointed her out as the person who had caused its death. Who acts: child, person. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 70

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A child had died in her village, and the witchfinder had pointed her out as the person who had caused its death.

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**Who acts:** child, person · **What happens:** die, point out, cause · **To what, where:** witchfinder, death

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (child, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:29:70
# text = A child had died in her village, and the witchfinder had pointed her out as the person who had caused its death.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	witchfinder	witchfinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	pointed	point	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
14	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past · perfect | a child |  |  |  |  | in woman's village | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in village=Attribute |
| 2 | **point out** | past · perfect · passive |  | the witchfinder |  |  |  | as the person; woman *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | past · perfect | the person | person's death |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition death=Patient |
| 4 | **die** |  | person |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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