---
title: Her husband was absent, and the result of her being “smelt out” was… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Her husband was absent, and the result of her being “smelt out” was that no one would enter her hut, share food with her, or so much as speak to her. Who acts: husband, one. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo., with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 71

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Her husband was absent, and the result of her being “smelt out” was that no one would enter her hut, share food with her, or so much as speak to her.

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**Who acts:** husband, one · **What happens:** be, share · **To what, where:** food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (husband, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:29:71
# text = Her husband was absent, and the result of her being “smelt out” was that no one would enter her hut, share food with her, or so much as speak to her.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	conj	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	cop	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	smelt	smelt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	parataxis	_	_
22	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
26	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	obj	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	speak	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | woman's husband |  |  |  |  | the result of woman *obl*; absent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | smelt *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | would · past | no one |  |  |  |  | woman's hut *obj*; enter *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **share** | infinitive |  | food |  |  |  | with woman | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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