---
title: The boy made a fold to keep his cattle in; his sister made a garden… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The boy made a fold to keep his cattle in; his sister made a garden and planted millet. Who acts: boy, sister. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 140

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The boy made a fold to keep his cattle in; his sister made a garden and planted millet.

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**Who acts:** boy, sister · **What happens:** make, keep, plant · **To what, where:** fold, cattle, garden

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, sister), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:3:140
# text = The boy made a fold to keep his cattle in; his sister made a garden and planted millet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	millet	millet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the boy | a fold |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fold=Product |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | the boy *not said here* | rock's cattle |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | rock's sister | a garden and planted millet |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Product |
| 4 | **plant** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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