---
title: He said to the bird: “As for you who spoil the work of this garden,… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: He said to the bird: “As for you who spoil the work of this garden, you will not see the sun any more. Who acts: man, bird, garden. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 42

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He said to the bird: “As for you who spoil the work of this garden, you will not see the sun any more.

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**Who acts:** man, bird, garden · **What happens:** say, spoil, not see, work · **To what, where:** bird, work, sun · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, bird, garden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:3:42
# text = He said to the bird: “As for you who spoil the work of this garden, you will not see the sun any more.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	spoil	spoil	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	any	any	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | man |  | the bird |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to bird=Recipient |
| 2 | **spoil** *in a quote* | present | the bird *= bird* | the work of this garden |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **see** *in a quote* | future | the bird *= bird* | the sun |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun=Stimulus |
| 4 | **work** *in a quote* |  | this garden |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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