---
title: After that he used to rise even in the night and tell the bird to ma… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: After that he used to rise even in the night and tell the bird to make milk for him. Who acts: man. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 57

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After that he used to rise even in the night and tell the bird to make milk for him.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** use, rise, tell, make · **To what, where:** bird, milk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:3:57
# text = After that he used to rise even in the night and tell the bird to make milk for him.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
17	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | man |  |  |  | after that |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **rise** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | man *not said here* |  | the bird |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | milk |  |  |  | for man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent milk=Material for he=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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