---
title: The names of the children were Gingci, the first-born son; Lonci, hi… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The names of the children were Gingci, the first-born son; Lonci, his brother; and Dumangashe, his sister. Who acts: names. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 60

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The names of the children were Gingci, the first-born son; Lonci, his brother; and Dumangashe, his sister.

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**Who acts:** names · **What happens:** bear, be, name · **To what, where:** born son, children

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:3:60
# text = The names of the children were Gingci, the first-born son; Lonci, his brother; and Dumangashe, his sister.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
7	Gingci	Gingci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Lonci	Lonci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Dumangashe	Dumangashe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the names of the children | the born son |  |  |  | Gingci *nsubj*; Lonci *appos*; Dumangashe *appos* | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  |  | the children |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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