---
title: Gingci said: “To-day we will drink of the milk that makes father fat… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Gingci said: “To-day we will drink of the milk that makes father fat and shining; we will not drink of the milk of the euphorbia to-day.” Who acts: Gingci, we, milk. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 75

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Gingci said: “To-day we will drink of the milk that makes father fat and shining; we will not drink of the milk of the euphorbia to-day.”

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**Who acts:** Gingci, we, milk · **What happens:** say, drink, make, shine, not drink · **To what, where:** father fat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gingci, we, milk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:3:75
# text = Gingci said: “To-day we will drink of the milk that makes father fat and shining; we will not drink of the milk of the euphorbia to-day.”
1	Gingci	Gingci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	To	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	euphorbia	euphorbia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gingci |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **drink** *in a quote* | future | we |  |  |  | day | of the milk | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of milk=Source |
| 3 | **make** *in a quote* | present | the milk | father fat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fat=Product |
| 4 | **shine** *in a quote* | gerund | the milk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **drink** *in a quote* | future | we |  |  |  | day | of the milk of the euphorbia | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of milk=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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