---
title: Gingci removed the eating mat from the jar, and said to the bird: “M… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Gingci removed the eating mat from the jar, and said to the bird: “My father’s bird, make milk for me.” Who acts: Gingci, bird. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 78

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Gingci removed the eating mat from the jar, and said to the bird: “My father’s bird, make milk for me.”

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**Who acts:** Gingci, bird · **What happens:** remove, say, make · **To what, where:** eating mat, jar, bird, milk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gingci, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:3:78
# text = Gingci removed the eating mat from the jar, and said to the bird: “My father’s bird, make milk for me.”
1	Gingci	Gingci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	removed	remove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	eating	eating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	’s	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
23	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | past | Gingci | the eating mat |  | the jar |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent mat=Theme from jar=Source |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gingci *not said here* |  | the bird |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to bird=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *in a quote* | infinitive | My father's bird | milk |  |  |  | for Gingci | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent milk=Material for i=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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