---
title: If the girl’s father is a rich man three oxen are slaughtered, and t… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: If the girl’s father is a rich man three oxen are slaughtered, and the ntonjane is kept up for twelve days. Who acts: father. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 20

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If the girl’s father is a rich man three oxen are slaughtered, and the ntonjane is kept up for twelve days.

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**Who acts:** father · **What happens:** be, slaughter, keep up · **To what, where:** rich man, three oxen, ntonjane

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:30:20
# text = If the girl’s father is a rich man three oxen are slaughtered, and the ntonjane is kept up for twelve days.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’s	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	slaughtered	slaughter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ntonjane	ntonjane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the girl's father | a rich man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **slaughter** | present · passive |  | three oxen |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **keep up** | present · passive |  | the ntonjane |  |  | day |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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