---
title: In this, one of them represents a wild animal of some kind, a second… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: In this, one of them represents a wild animal of some kind, a second acts as a hunter, and the others take the part of dogs in pursuit. Who acts: one, second, others. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 18

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In this, one of them represents a wild animal of some kind, a second acts as a hunter, and the others take the part of dogs in pursuit.

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**Who acts:** one, second, others · **What happens:** represent, act, take · **To what, where:** wild animal, part, pursuit

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, second, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:18
# text = In this, one of them represents a wild animal of some kind, a second acts as a hunter, and the others take the part of dogs in pursuit.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	nsubj	_	_
17	acts	act	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present | one in this of strokes | a wild animal of some kind |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot animal=Theme |
| 2 | **act** | present | a second | a wild animal of some kind *not said here* |  |  |  | as a hunter | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent animal=Eventuality |
| 3 | **take** | present | the others | the part of dogs |  | pursuit |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent part=Value in pursuit=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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