---
title: The games with which Kaffir boys are accustomed to amuse themselves… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The games with which Kaffir boys are accustomed to amuse themselves are, as a rule such as require a large amount of exertion of legs, arms and lungs. Who acts: games, rule. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 2

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The games with which Kaffir boys are accustomed to amuse themselves are, as a rule such as require a large amount of exertion of legs, arms and lungs.

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**Who acts:** games, rule · **What happens:** accustom, amuse, be, require, amount, exert · **To what, where:** Kaffir boys, boys, large amount, exertion, legs

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (games, rule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:2
# text = The games with which Kaffir boys are accustomed to amuse themselves are, as a rule such as require a large amount of exertion of legs, arms and lungs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
5	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	accustomed	accustom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	amuse	amuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	19	mark	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	exertion	exertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accustom** | present · passive |  | Kaffir boys |  |  |  | with the games | tree rules |
| 2 | **amuse** | to-infinitive |  | boys *= boy* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus themselves=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | the games |  |  |  |  | as a rule | tree rules |
| 4 | **require** | infinitive | a rule *not said here* | a large amount of exertion of legs and arms and lungs |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme amount=Precondition |
| 5 | **amount** |  |  | exertion of legs and arms and lungs |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **exert** |  |  | legs and arms and lungs |  |  |  |  | nom exertion «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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