---
title: In the European towns, and at Mission stations, they have generally… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: In the European towns, and at Mission stations, they have generally adopted the English game of cricket, but at their own kraals they still practise the sports of their ancestors. Who acts: stations, ancestors. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [The Story of Sikulume.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/) / 3

# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the European towns, and at Mission stations, they have generally adopted the English game of cricket, but at their own kraals they still practise the sports of their ancestors.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stations, ancestors · **What happens:** adopt, practise, sport · **To what, where:** stations, European towns, sports, own kraals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stations, ancestors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:3
# text = In the European towns, and at Mission stations, they have generally adopted the English game of cricket, but at their own kraals they still practise the sports of their ancestors.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Mission	Mission	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	stations	station	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	cricket	cricket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	kraals	kraal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	still	still	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	practise	practise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adopt** | present · perfect · passive |  | stations *= station* |  | the European towns and Mission stations |  | the English game of cricket *obj*; generally *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme game=Attribute |
| 2 | **practise** | present | stations *= station* | the sports of stations's ancestors |  | stations's own kraals | still |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sport** |  | stations's ancestors |  |  |  |  |  | nom sport «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/2/)
- next →: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/4/)
- ↑ back to [The Story of Sikulume.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/)