---
title: They may often be seen enjoying this exercise in little groups, thos… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They may often be seen enjoying this exercise in little groups, those of the same age keeping together, for there is no greater tyrant in the world than the big Kaffir boy over his younger fellows. Who acts: same age, enjoying. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Si
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 5

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They may often be seen enjoying this exercise in little groups, those of the same age keeping together, for there is no greater tyrant in the world than the big Kaffir boy over his younger fellows.

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**Who acts:** same age, enjoying · **What happens:** see, enjoy, keep together, be · **To what, where:** stations, exercise, little groups, greater tyrant, world

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (same age, enjoying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:5
# text = They may often be seen enjoying this exercise in little groups, those of the same age keeping together, for there is no greater tyrant in the world than the big Kaffir boy over his younger fellows.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	enjoying	enjoy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	csubj	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	together	together	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	23	expl	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
25	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	26	amod	_	_
26	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	than	than	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
35	over	over	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
37	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	38	amod	_	_
38	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | may · passive |  | stations *= station* |  |  |  | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **enjoy** | gerund |  | this exercise |  | little groups |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer exercise=Stimulus |
| 3 | **keep together** | gerund | the same age *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | enjoying | no greater tyrant |  | the world |  | than the big Kaffir boy over game's younger fellows | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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