---
title: Bows and arrows are sometimes seen, but generally boys prefer an imi… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Bows and arrows are sometimes seen, but generally boys prefer an imitation assagai. Who acts: boys. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 59

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Bows and arrows are sometimes seen, but generally boys prefer an imitation assagai.

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**Who acts:** boys · **What happens:** see, prefer · **To what, where:** Bows, imitation assagai

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:59
# text = Bows and arrows are sometimes seen, but generally boys prefer an imitation assagai.
1	Bows	bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	imitation	imitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	assagai	assagai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · passive |  | Bows and arrows |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **prefer** | present | boys | a imitation assagai |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer assagai=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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