---
title: At one end it has a thong attached to it by which it is whirled rapi… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: At one end it has a thong attached to it by which it is whirled rapidly round. Who acts: surface. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 62

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At one end it has a thong attached to it by which it is whirled rapidly round.

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**Who acts:** surface · **What happens:** have, attach, whirl · **To what, where:** thong, one end, surface

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (surface), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:62
# text = At one end it has a thong attached to it by which it is whirled rapidly round.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	thong	thong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	attached	attach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	whirled	whirl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
16	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	round	round	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | surface | a thong |  |  | at one end |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thong=Patient |
| 2 | **attach** | participle |  | a thong *not said here* | surface |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to it=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **whirl** | present · passive |  | surface |  |  |  | which *obl*; round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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