---
title: This exercise strengthens the muscles of the arms, and gives expansi… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: This exercise strengthens the muscles of the arms, and gives expansion to the chest. Who acts: exercise. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 8

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This exercise strengthens the muscles of the arms, and gives expansion to the chest.

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**Who acts:** exercise · **What happens:** strengthen, give · **To what, where:** muscles, expansion, chest

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (exercise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:8
# text = This exercise strengthens the muscles of the arms, and gives expansion to the chest.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | present | this exercise | the muscles of the arms |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | present | this exercise *not said here* | expansion | the chest |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent expansion=Theme to chest=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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