---
title: The result is that when the boys are grown up and become men, they a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The result is that when the boys are grown up and become men, they are able to use their weapons without any further training. Who acts: boys. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 9

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The result is that when the boys are grown up and become men, they are able to use their weapons without any further training.

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**Who acts:** boys · **What happens:** be, become, use · **To what, where:** result, men, weapons

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:32:9
# text = The result is that when the boys are grown up and become men, they are able to use their weapons without any further training.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	without	without	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
24	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | the result |  |  |  | the boys *nsubj*; grow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | present |  | men |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | boys *= boy* | men *not said here* |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | to-infinitive | boys *= boy* *not said here* | boys's weapons |  |  |  | without any further training | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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