---
title: The one we should term mother can only be distinguished from the oth… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The one we should term mother can only be distinguished from the others, when speaking of her, by describing her as uma wam kanye—i.e., my real mother; or uma ondizalayo—i.e., the mother who bore me. Who acts: mother. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and D
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 12

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The one we should term mother can only be distinguished from the others, when speaking of her, by describing her as uma wam kanye—i.e., my real mother; or uma ondizalayo—i.e., the mother who bore me.

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**Who acts:** mother · **What happens:** distinguish, speak, describe, bear · **To what, where:** we, wife, me, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:34:12
# text = The one we should term mother can only be distinguished from the others, when speaking of her, by describing her as uma wam kanye—i.e., my real mother; or uma ondizalayo—i.e., the mother who bore me.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
5	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
16	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	describing	describe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	conj	_	_
22	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	uma	uma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
25	wam	wam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	kanye	kanye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	uma	uma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	ondizalayo	ondizalayo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	_
42	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	43	nsubj	_	_
43	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	acl:relcl	_	_
44	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **distinguish** | can · passive |  | we |  |  |  | from the others; term mother *nsubj:pass* | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: subject=Theme from other=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of wife | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **describe** | gerund |  | wife |  |  |  | as uma wam kanye and my real mother; uma ondizalayo *obl* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent she=Theme as kanye=Attribute |
| 4 | **bear** | past | the mother | me |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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