---
title: Speaking of my mother, ma is the word used: of your mother, unyoko;… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Speaking of my mother, ma is the word used: of your mother, unyoko; of his or her mother, unina. Who acts: Speaking. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 13

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Speaking of my mother, ma is the word used: of your mother, unyoko; of his or her mother, unina.

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**Who acts:** Speaking · **What happens:** speak, be, use · **To what, where:** word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Speaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:34:13
# text = Speaking of my mother, ma is the word used: of your mother, unyoko; of his or her mother, unina.
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	ma	ma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	unyoko	unyoko	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	unina	unina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of my mother and ma | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Speaking | the word |  |  |  | Bawo's mother and unina *appos* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | the word *not said here* |  |  |  | of your mother and unyoko | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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