---
title: The bruised substance is mixed with water, and formed into small loa… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The bruised substance is mixed with water, and formed into small loaves of very insipid bread. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Long Snake., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Long Snake., sentence 6

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The bruised substance is mixed with water, and formed into small loaves of very insipid bread.

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**What happens:** bruise, mix, form · **To what, where:** bruised substance, small loaves

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Long Snake.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:37:6
# text = The bruised substance is mixed with water, and formed into small loaves of very insipid bread.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bruised	bruise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	loaves	loaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	insipid	insipid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bruise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mix** | present · passive |  | the bruised substance |  |  |  | with water | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with water=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **form** | participle |  |  |  | small loaves of insipid bread |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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